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Quality can not be inspected in after the fact. We can now control the process in order to control the quality. The monitoring and measurement systems we have today have paved the way for improved quality. Insanity is doing things the same way we've always done them and expecting different results. Impossible? Yes if you are still using the same manufacturing methods which were responsible for the 5 or 10% scrap you used to accept.Ī friend of mine had the following quotation on his wall: Way, one bad part per day! Notice I did not say one bad part per day per That means that you would be allowed 25 pieces for everyġ,000,000 pieces or 250 defective parts per year. Let's assume your customers requirementsĪre 25 PPM.
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Like most companies, your plant operates around 5 days a week, 50 weeks Say, you produce 10,000,000 parts per year for your customer. To calculate: For example, let's say you had 25 pieces defective in a shipment of 1,000 pieces. Now the rate for most automotive components is targeted at 25 PPM or 0.0025% There was a time when you were considered a pretty good supplier when your defect rate was less than 1%, (10,000 PPM), then the expectation was increased to 0.1% or 1,000 PPM. We welcome other questions about handheld XRF analysis as well.PPM (Parts per million) is a measurement used today by many customers to measure quality performance.ĭefinition: One PPM means one (defect or event) in a million or 1/1,000,000
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Market price are for Pt, Pd, and Rh respectively $1184, $2684€ and $28000 per troy ounce The handheld XRF analyzer displays measured values M(E) of 2400ppm Pt, 6000 ppm Pd and 300 ppm Rh Market price are for Pt, Pd, and Rh respectively 32260 €, 73137€ and 762980 € per kilogram The handheld XRF analyzer displays measured values M(E) of 0.240% Pt, 0.600% Pd and 0.030% Rh
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market priceĪssuming a discount rate DR of 30% and a mass of a single converter ceramics of 0.900 kilogram CRR is the conversion rate for 1€ in $ĭR is the discount rate in %, which is the margin of the buyer vs. Depending on the currency and reference used, € per kilogram, $ per troy ounce, and the desired currency, the market price can be calculated as follows. P(E) is the market price of the precious metal, it can be expressed in currencies such as € or $ and can be found on websites such as, ,, etc. W is the weight of the powder measured on a scale in kilograms (kg), metric tons (tons) or pounds (lbs). The different terms of the formula given above shall use consistent systems of units, which are described in the following:Ĭ(E) is the concentration of the element E in the powder, which directly depends on the measured value M(E) with handheld XRF and the used unit for M(E) either ppm or %. The total value of the powder V is the sum of the values calculated for platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh). However, the user may face some difficulties in juggling with the different systems of units commonly used in this business.įor a given precious metal element “ E” (Pt, Pd or Rh), the value V(E) of this element in the powder is equal to the product of the concentration C(E), the weight of the powder W, the market price of the element P(E) and the discount rate DR for recycling. The aim of most handheld XRF users is to determine the value of the pulverized materials. Then the fine powder is introduced into a sample cup and subsequently analyzed. Our handheld XRF analyzer featuring a calibration for Automotive Catalysts can display in real time the concentrations of the precious metals platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) contained in ceramic catalytical converters.įirst of all, the catalytical converter has to be crushed and ground to a fine powder of ideally 250 µm and less (use mortar/grinders and sieves if necessary). We have answered the question below as it pertains to a Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ handheld XRF analyzer featuring a calibration for Automotive Catalysts.
#HOW TO CALCULATE PPM HOW TO#
Editor’s Note: We recently received a question from a scrap metal recycler who read our blog article Catalytic Converter Theft in The News Again, and wanted to know how to calculate the ppm weight of catalyst material analyzed on a handheld XRF analyzer.